Which diet has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with a previous MI?

• A. Atkins diet
• B. High protein diet
• C. Mediterranean diet; which is high in grains, fruits and vegetables
• D. Ketogenic diet

Answer: (C)

After a myocardial infarction, the goal is to lower ongoing atherosclerotic risk and reduce the chance of another event. A Mediterranean-style diet best achieves this: it emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and fish, with olive oil as the main fat, and it limits red meat and processed foods. This pattern provides abundant fiber, antioxidants, and omega-3 fats while reducing saturated fat intake, which together improve lipid quality, decrease inflammation, and enhance endothelial function. These effects translate into fewer recurrent cardiac events and lower mortality in people with established coronary disease, as shown in major trials of Mediterranean-type diets.

Diets like Atkins (high fat from saturated sources), a general high-protein approach, or ketogenic plans aren’t demonstrated to reduce morbidity or mortality after a prior MI and can adversely affect lipid profiles or overall cardiovascular risk, making them less suitable choices for secondary prevention.